Reported speech (dolaylı anlatım) is how we convey what someone else said without quoting them directly. Turkish has several ways to handle this.

1. Using diye with a Direct Quote:

This is very common. The direct quote is given, followed by diye (saying/thinking), and then a verb like söylemek (to say), demek (to say), sormak (to ask), düşünmek (to think).

• Ahmet, "Yarın geleceğim" diye söyledi. (Ahmet said, "I will come tomorrow." / Ahmet said that he would come tomorrow.)
• "Nasılsın?" diye sordu. (He/She asked, "How are you?")

2. Using Subordinate Clauses with Participles (especially -dik and -ecek):

The content of the reported speech is often turned into a noun clause using a participle (like -dik for past/present or -ecek for future actions), which then becomes the object of a verb like söylemek or bilmek (to know).

The subject of the reported speech often takes a genitive suffix, and the participle takes a possessive suffix.

• Direct: Ali dedi: "Hastayım." (Ali said: "I am sick.")
  Reported: Ali hasta olduğunu söyledi. (Ali said that he was sick.)
  (hasta olmak + -dık + 3rd person possessive -u + accusative -nu)
• Direct: Ayşe dedi: "Geleceğim." (Ayşe said: "I will come.")
  Reported: Ayşe geleceğini söyledi. (Ayşe said that she would come.)
  (gelmek + -ecek + 3rd person possessive -i + accusative -ni)

3. Using -miş Tense for Hearsay:

If the speaker is reporting something they heard but didn't witness (hearsay), the narrative past tense (-miş) can be used in the main reporting clause or implied by context.

• Ahmet yarın gelecekmiş. (Apparently, Ahmet will come tomorrow. / I heard Ahmet will come tomorrow.)

Pronoun changes and tense shifts (backshifting) might occur, similar to English, depending on the context and the tense of the reporting verb, though Turkish is often more flexible with tense consistency if the original statement is still considered true.