Postpositions (ilgeçler or edatlar) in Turkish function similarly to prepositions in English, but as the name suggests, they come after the noun or pronoun they govern.

They are used to express relationships such as location, direction, time, manner, cause, and comparison.

Common Characteristics:

• Many postpositions require the noun or pronoun preceding them to be in a specific grammatical case (e.g., dative, ablative, genitive, or nominative).
• Some postpositions can stand alone, while others are often used in conjunction with case endings.

Examples of Common Postpositions:

• ile (with, by means of): Often shortens to -(y)le/-(y)la attached to the noun.
  Example: arkadaşım ile / arkadaşımla (with my friend), arabayla (by car)
• için (for, because of):
  Example: senin için (for you), çalışmak için (in order to work)
• gibi (like, as):
  Example: aslan gibi (like a lion), benim gibi (like me)
• kadar (as much as, until, about):
  Example: o kadar (that much), akşama kadar (until evening), bir saat kadar (about an hour)
• göre (according to, compared to): Requires Dative case (-e/-a).
  Example: bana göre (according to me), sana göre (compared to you)
• doğru (towards): Requires Dative case.
  Example: eve doğru (towards the house)
• karşı (against, towards): Requires Dative case.
  Example: ona karşı (against him/her), denize karşı (facing the sea)
• sonra (after): Requires Ablative case (-den/-dan) or nominative.
  Example: okuldan sonra (after school), yemekten sonra (after the meal)
• önce (before): Requires Ablative case or nominative.
  Example: dersten önce (before the lesson)
• beri (since): Requires Ablative case.
  Example: dünden beri (since yesterday)
• başka (other than, besides): Requires Ablative case.
  Example: senden başka (other than you)

Understanding postpositions and the cases they govern is crucial for forming complex sentences and expressing nuanced meanings.