Grammar
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns (belgisizlik zamirleri) refer to non-specific people, things, or amounts.
Common Indefinite Pronouns:
- Biri / Birisi: Someone, somebody (Biri geldi - Someone came)
- Herkes: Everyone, everybody (Herkes burada mı? - Is everyone here?)
- Kimse: Anyone, anybody (in questions/negatives); No one, nobody (with negative verb)
- (Kimse var mı? - Is anyone there?)
- (Kimse gelmedi. - Nobody came.)
- Hiç kimse: No one, nobody (stronger, used with positive or negative verb for same meaning) (Hiç kimse bilmiyor. - Absolutely no one knows.)
- Bir şey: Something (Bir şey yedim. - I ate something.)
- Hiçbir şey: Nothing (Hiçbir şey anlamadım. - I understood nothing.)
- Bazısı / Bazıları: Some (of them) (Bazıları geç kaldı. - Some of them were late.)
- Hepsi: All (of them) (Hepsi gitti. - All of them went.)
- Birkaçı: A few (of them) (Birkaçı soru sordu. - A few of them asked questions.)
- Başkası: Someone else, another person (Başkası yapsın. - Let someone else do it.)
- Her biri: Each one (Her biri farklıydı. - Each one was different.)
- Falan / Filan: Such and such, and so on, etc. (colloquial) (Kitap, defter falan aldım. - I bought books, notebooks, and so on.)
Declension:
Many indefinite pronouns can decline for case. The pattern of declension usually follows standard noun or pronoun rules, applying vowel harmony and buffer consonants where necessary.
Example with "Biri":- Nominative: Biri (Someone)
- Genitive: Birinin (Someone's)
- Accusative: Birini (Someone - direct object)
- Dative: Birine (To someone)
- Locative: Birinde (On someone, with someone)
- Ablative: Birinden (From someone)
- Nominative: Herkes (Everyone)
- Genitive: Herkesin (Everyone's)
- Accusative: Herkesi (Everyone - direct object)
- Dative: Herkese (To everyone)
- Locative: Herkeste (On everyone, with everyone)
- Ablative: Herkesten (From everyone)
Pronouns like "bir şey" (something) decline on the "şey" part: bir şeyin, bir şeyi, bir şeye, bir şeyde, bir şeyden.
"Hiçbiri" (none of them) and "her biri" (each of them) have the possessive suffix -i already, so they decline like: hiçbirinin, hiçbirini, hiçbirine etc.
Practice Zone
1. Which pronoun means 'everyone' or 'everybody'?
2. Which phrase means 'nothing'?